Bubble Above Rook Piercing

refine their holes

To realize the majesty of the current king of the skies, you have to stand before him face to face. It was given to me at the Toulouse factory and does not hide that I was equally impressed with how great the aircraft itself. Passengers do not have the opportunity to experience it - see the machine away from the door to the airport, and when they fall by the sleeve terminal to board, they can only admire its interior. biggest A380 viewed from close up is admirable for designers and builders. Imagine a plane the size of a football field sizeable - the length of the hull reaches 73 m, a wingspan of 80 m. The back of white flesh, opasanego double chain of over two hundred windows, is roughly the fourth floor of the average block of flats, a blue vertical tail rear tail reaches of the ninth floor. All this, together with the passengers and crew, weighs 560 tons (a cargo ship, fully loaded, up 590 tonnes) and years at a speed of over 900 km / hr. And this makes it quieter and cheaper than his great predecessor Boeing 747 It seems that over the next few years will be the flagship of the aviation passenger ship. question is, what determined the size of the new aircraft? Well, when ten years ago, Airbus has created a department that had designed the machine, asked the world's largest carriers - its potential buyers - and representatives of about 60 major airports to express their expectations. The latter was interested in size - a typical position of parking for large aircraft at airports is a square of side 80 m, which should enter the new machine. Carriers pay attention mainly to the high level of safety, capacity, low cost operation, ease of maintenance and the possibility of various adaptation - depending on your needs - the passenger compartment. The result is a machine on the entire length of the hull double deck and lower deck of the freight to underpin a piece for the passengers. It is worth recalling that the Jumbo Jet also has a top floor - a characteristic hump just behind the cockpit, thanks to which is most easily recognizable plane in the world - but it is small compared to the basic deck. The A380 fuselage cross-section elliptical (7.14 x 8.5 m) pomieszczono 555 seats in a typical configuration is divided into three classes (First - 22 seats, and business - 96 and Interest - 437). If the carrier wants to fill the entire space tourist seats, the plane can accommodate up 853. It is possible that some people wish to do so with a view to chartering of such machines to carry spectators to the great sporting events, or pilgrims to the holy places. The newest long could be given a list of the latest solutions used in the A380. A giant machine is a showcase of possibilities of science and technology - materials engineering, technology, manufacturing of aircraft, engines, automation, computing and many other fields, and the perfect organization of work. First of all, the mass of the aircraft had to be reconciled with his strength. From the outset the designers struggled to trim its structure - to get rid of every pound is lower fuel consumption and fewer emissions, less expensive operation. 50 percent. weight components are aluminum alloys, 25 percent. - Composites (22 per cent. - Plastics reinforced with carbon fiber, and 3 percent. - Laminate of fiberglass and metal GLARE first used in civil aircraft). GLARE (Glass Reinforced) is przekładańcem layers of fiberglass and epoxy resin composite duralumin. Such material is not only lighter and stronger than duralumin, but also resistant to corrosion and fire. Covering the top cover of the hull to save approximately 800 kg. The composites are also called built. centerwing caisson - the link between the wings to the hull (saves about 1.5 tons) and the rear fuselage. Fighting for every kilo, appealed to all Airbus aircraft equipment suppliers to make an effort to shrink them up, without sacrificing their functionality. Saved in this way include On the seat, the seat mounted in the liquid-crystal displays, the kitchen equipment, as well as on the lamps used during takeoff and landing even the position lights. University of Toulouse has developed a new technology for painting the aircraft, which allowed pocienić coat with a micrometer, which resulted in saving of 80 kilograms, or as much as the weight of one passenger. greenest A380 is the most environmentally friendly of all long-distance runners. Will burn only 2.9 liters per 100 km per passenger, less than many of today's cars. It is through the use of lightweight materials and new, specially designed for him, engines. Existing ones were either too weak or too strong and too expensive. So Airbus has signed with Rolls-Royce and Engine Alliance (a joint venture Pratt & Whitney and General Electric) contract for the construction of new power units for the A380. The first company built Trent 900 engine, the second GP 7200th The aircraft is powered by four engines. The machine, which is already summer, is equipped with Trent 900 engines A380 meets the most stringent requirements with a vengeance, both in terms of the level of noise emitted as exhaust. Airbus boasts that the new plane is not only about 35 percent. Jumbo Jet quieter than (during take-off, even by half), but also consumes about 12 percent. less fuel. He has at the same time takes a longer range and more than 100 passengers, so the service can be up to 20 percent. cheaper. Not surprisingly, the first buyers was already begun before the assembly of the first unit. most convenient Everyone knows that the narrowest bottleneck of a typical aircraft is the same entrance and vestibule. Spacious hall, wide staircase from the main deck at the top and disputes bar located underneath the A380 makes an impression that we were on board, rather than oceanic aircraft. Passenger compartment is compared with Jumbo wider by 45 cm, which was used to expand and move seats. Expanded the shelves for luggage and easier access to them - when inserting or removing the luggage can be much lower. Each passenger is faced with (mounted in the back seat), the monitor for watching one of the many multimedia programs, computer games and other entertainment. He has constant access to the Internet and can send text messages. And what about the use of mobile phones on board? There are no technical obstacles to use them, but - he asks rhetorically, a representative of Airbus - Would you like to travel by plane, where the phone rings constantly and loudly talking to someone? However, if the buyer wants a such a possibility, the factory will meet this demand. offers true luxury in first class - where the seats are arranged so that passengers can almost isolated from each other. Headrest, backrest and footrest shape of the chair can be adjusted according to its convenience, and a push of a button turns it into a comfortable couch. Each place has its own communication with the world, which allows contact with the company, family or friends. Since A380 will be flying long distances, thought of passengers of all classes, to counteract the syndrome long journey. Prepared programs to encourage physical activity (displayed on monitors) that anyone can do. Staff will also be encouraged to move it from its place and pospacerowania the plane. A is the place to go. A380 takes 35 percent. more passengers than the Jumbo, but it has a larger surface area by half. This is the surplus was used to create a space open to the public: spacious entrance, bar, and rear of the hull relaxation club room and board shop. On the lower deck compartment or space has been created for passengers, which indicates cabins with shower and a roaster. If the client wishes, you can do everything there - a restaurant, casino, children's room, a fitness club or couches. Indeed, the A380 is so trójpokładowym plane. In areas where, for technical reasons, no windows, replaced by a liquid crystal screen, which displays the image of the horizon corresponding to the time of day. A night on the ceiling appears a starry sky, giving the illusion of air travel with an open roof. This stuff has ordered the first customer. most international in the history of aviation have any airliner in order not to produce an extensive, international cooperation. Airbus has signed more than 200 major contracts with over a hundred companies from around the world. Used to a maximum of specialization of different plants - in Germany, formed elements of the hull, wings in England, Spain, rear tail and landing gear, cockpits in France, other countries, dozens of different components. To ensure a smooth supply chain, created the entire transportation system - was built special ships, boats and kits road for transporting bulky parts. Laid out and adapted to the transport route, and developed new tools that allow you to accurately plan production. It is estimated that for the A380 program operates the world's approximately 100 thousand. people. biggest success? with Airbus forecasts that over the next 20 years passenger traffic worldwide will grow at a rate of 5.3 percent. per year (5.9 percent marks.). To meet this demand, need to be 21 759 passenger aircraft with more than 100 seats, including 16 601 new and 3,139 cargo (727 new, most of the rise from the treatment of end-passenger aircraft.) The value of this market is estimated at 1.9 trillion dollars. The largest aircraft will have to take small, wąskokadłubowe (63 per cent. New supply), but the need for large exceeds 10 percent. and is estimated at 1,648 units (including the freighters). Currently, five cities in the world has more than 20 million inhabitants, in 2020 there will be 16, including 10 in the Far East. To handle traffic between them necessary will be large machines. So Airbus is no doubt that the A380 will not only technologically, but also economic success. Moreover, without such a belief is not invested in the program to build a new giant of about 12 billion euros. For comparison - the highest (343 m) in the world Millau Viaduct over the Tarn River, opened last year in France, costing approximately 0.4 billion euros, and the nuclear aircraft carrier Charles-de-Gaulle - 3 billion. Another approach to the future is Boeing. His forecast is different when it comes to demand for large airplanes (400), but it is consistent on the core: transport passenger in the next 20 years will increase threefold. Americans believe that people do not like big airports and connections on them. Therefore, opt for mid-size airplanes will fly to small airports. Designed so its long-haul 787 Dreamliner, which is to take up to 300 passengers. The new aircraft will enter service in 2008, if you collect enough orders to justify the start of production. Anyway, in this class Airbus does not intend to give the field - has been their long-distance runner A330/A340 and proceeded to develop the A350, which is to be a competitor to the Dreamliner. who chose a better way? Airbus already has 154 orders for the A380. Most - as many as 43 machines (including two freighters A380F) - contracted Air Emirates, Lufthansa bought a 15, 12 Quantas Airway from Australia, 10, Air France and Singapore Airlines. In the last week finalized a deal with China Southern Airlines for five machines. Federal Express has contracted 10 freighters. The list of customers, carriers are also Korean, Thai and Filipino. Take a "wait for the moment British Airways and other big airlines, among other Japanese and American. No wonder - the aircraft costs about 264-286 million dollars. The factory in Toulouse, France can now produce four A380s a month, but is prepared to increase productivity. To reach viability, Airbus must sell 250 of these aircraft. Expects that the sale of over a thousand. Will he succeed? tar bucket current king of the skies is highly controversial among experts. There is no lack of votes, that such a large aircraft, especially when I need to handle in a short time a few, can clog the airport. The Airbus argues big machines that reduce congestion, it is easier to check one of these aircraft than three small. Already at the design stage it was assumed that full support for the A380 should close in 90 mins (exchange of passengers by three doors - the output is 14 min, entry 22 min, 37 min Exchange catering, unloading and loading luggage 68 minutes, fueling 48 min). What will really find out next year, when the first machines will regularly fly. Whether and how quickly the publicity, will decide in the end passengers. Airbus is a quiet - no aircraft to date does not give such a comfort.